علمِ عروض، پنگل اور پروسوڈی کا تقابلی جائزہ
Comparative Study of Ilm e Arooz, Pingal, and Prosody
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63878/qrjs1170Abstract
This doctoral research, titled Comparative Study of Ilm e Arooz, Pingal, and Prosody, investigates three distinct metrical traditions across Arabic Persian, Sanskrit Hindi, and Western literary cultures. Each system—Ilm e Arooz, Pingal, and Prosody—emerged from unique linguistic and cultural foundations, yet all share the same purpose: to provide poetry with rhythm, musicality, and aesthetic balance.
The study begins with the historical development of each system Ilm e Arooz was founded by Khalil ibn Ahmad al Farahidi, later shaping Persian and Urdu poetry.Pingal originated in the Vedic period, where chhandas (metrical patterns) based on matras (syllable lengths) structured Sanskrit and Hindi verse.Western Prosody evolved from Greek and Latin metrics, later influencing English poetry through stress and rhythm, most notably in Shakespeare’s iambic pentameter. The comparative analysis highlights:
Commonalities: All three systems aim to create musicality and harmony in verse.
Differences: Arooz relies on metrical feet (arkan), Pingal on syllabic length (matras), and Prosody on stress patterns.
Cultural impact: Each tradition reflects the literary and social contexts of its civilization—Arabic qasida and ghazal, Hindi bhakti and epic poetry, and Western drama and sonnet.
Critical perspectives are incorporated:
Urdu critics such as Shamsur Rahman Faruqi and JameelJalibi emphasize Arooz as the structural foundation of Urdu poetry.
Hindi critics like Ram Chandra Shukla underscore the indispensability of chhand in Hindi verse.
Western critics including T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and Paul Fussell regard Prosody as the musical and structural essence of poetry.
The findings reveal that while the three systems differ in linguistic mechanics, their shared objective is to enrich poetry through rhythm and aesthetic symmetry. Modern free verse has challenged these classical frameworks, yet their scholarly and artistic significance remains intact
