پاکستانی معاشرے میں معاشرتی شدت پسندی کے محرکات کا تعارف و تجزیہ: علمی و تنقیدی مطالعہ

An Introduction and Analysis of the Causes of Social Extremism in Pakistani Society: A Critical Study

Abstract

Social extremism in Pakistani society is a multifaceted phenomenon deeply rooted in historical, cultural, and socio-political dynamics. Society, in essence, is formed by individuals united by shared beliefs, values, and collective goals, transcending regional and ethnic boundaries. While such collective living offers harmony and shared progress, it also exposes communities to internal and external challenges. Among these challenges, social injustice stands out as a significant driver of extremism. When rightful individuals are treated unjustly and marginalized, feelings of deprivation and hopelessness emerge, leading to anger and reactionary behaviors. This imbalance, where “equals are treated unequally and unequals are treated equally,” creates divisions that extremist ideologies exploit. Cultural norms, individual mindsets, and socio-political systems can unintentionally or deliberately perpetuate discrimination, pushing marginalized individuals toward radical responses. The study argues that sustainable social harmony requires prioritizing equality, respect, and justice across societal institutions. Islamic teachings, emphasizing justice (‘adl), mutual respect, and compassion, provide an ethical framework to counter extremism. Recognizing diversity as a source of strength rather than division and ensuring fair treatment regardless of ethnicity, sect, or social class are essential steps. Ultimately, this paper contends that social extremism is not born merely of ideological factors but often from systemic neglect and social injustice. Addressing these root causes can help foster a society that upholds peace, tolerance, and collective well-being.