حیوانات ، نباتات اور جمادات کے حقوق کا شریعت کی روشنی میں عصری تقاضوں کا تحقیقی جائزہ

A Shariah-Based Research Review of the Rights of Animals, Plants, and Inanimate Objects in Light of Contemporary Demands

Abstract

This research examines the rights of animals, plants, and inanimate objects in the light of Islamic Shariah and analyzes their relevance to contemporary social, environmental, and ethical challenges. Islam presents a comprehensive worldview in which all creations of Allah possess value, purpose, and a distinct relationship with human beings. The study explores the Qur’anic teachings and Prophetic traditions that emphasize compassion toward animals, responsible utilization and preservation of plants, and respectful treatment of natural resources and material objects. It highlights that Shariah does not limit rights solely to human beings; rather, it establishes moral and legal responsibilities toward the entire ecosystem. The research further investigates contemporary issues such as environmental degradation, deforestation, climate change, animal cruelty, biodiversity loss, and the excessive exploitation of natural resources. By examining classical Islamic jurisprudence alongside modern environmental concerns, the study demonstrates that Islamic teachings provide practical principles for sustainable development and ecological balance. The concept of stewardship (Khilafah) is identified as a central framework through which humans are entrusted with the protection and responsible management of all forms of creation.Using an analytical and descriptive methodology, the study evaluates how Islamic legal and ethical principles can contribute to addressing modern environmental crises and promoting a culture of sustainability. The findings reveal that adherence to Shariah-based guidelines regarding animals, plants, and inanimate entities can foster environmental justice, social responsibility, and long-term ecological well-being. The research concludes that Islamic teachings offer a holistic and timeless approach to protecting nature and ensuring harmony between humanity and the environment in the contemporary world.