سرسید احمد خان کی تفسیر: منہجی، فکری اور کلامی جہات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's Exegesis: A Review of Methodological, Intellectual, and Theological Dimensions

Abstract

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) occupies a distinctive position in the modern exegetical tradition of the Indian subcontinent. His Qur'anic exegesis reflects a reformist approach that seeks to harmonize Islamic teachings with reason, the laws of nature, and the intellectual challenges of the modern age. This study critically examines the methodological, intellectual, and theological dimensions of Sir Syed's Qur'anic interpretation with particular reference to his exegetical principles and his treatment of major theological issues. The study employs an analytical and qualitative research methodology based on the close examination of Sir Syed's Tafsir al-Qur'an alongside the classical works of Qur'anic exegesis and Islamic theology. It explores the foundations of his interpretive methodology, including his emphasis on reason, the internal coherence of the Qur'an, and the compatibility between revelation and the laws of nature. Furthermore, it analyzes his views on miracles, angels, jinn, revelation, and intercession and compares them with the perspectives of the classical Sunni exegetes and theologians. The findings reveal that Sir Syed did not reject the fundamental doctrines of Islam; rather, he sought to reinterpret many theological concepts in light of rational inquiry and modern scientific thought. While his approach contributed significantly to the development of modern Qur'anic interpretation and stimulated intellectual engagement with contemporary challenges, several of his theological interpretations differ from the traditional positions of the majority of Sunni scholars. Consequently, his exegetical legacy remains an important subject of scholarly discussion in the fields of Qur'anic studies and Islamic theology.