جدید سیاسی مظاہر اور قرآن کا نظامِ حکمرانی: ایک تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Modern Political Phenomena and the Qur’anic System of Governance: A Research-Based and Analytical Study

Abstract

The contemporary political landscape is characterized by rapidly changing forms of governance, representative institutions, constitutionalism, electoral politics, political parties, expanding conceptions of human rights, and persistent challenges such as authoritarianism, corruption, abuse of power, and political instability. These developments have generated important questions concerning the relationship between modern political institutions and the normative principles of governance articulated in the Qur’an. This study critically examines modern political phenomena in the light of the Qur’anic framework of governance, without assuming a simplistic equivalence between historically developed political models and Qur’anic political principles. It explores the foundational concepts of divine sovereignty, human vicegerency, justice, consultation, trust, responsibility, and political accountability. Particular attention is given to the relationship between democratic representation and shūrā, constitutional government and the rule of law, electoral politics and peaceful transfer of authority, as well as the Qur’anic response to political oppression, corruption, and misuse of public office. The study further investigates human dignity, religious and social plurality, minority protection, and their relevance to governance in contemporary plural societies. Employing a qualitative, analytical, and interpretive methodology, the research draws primarily upon Qur’anic texts and relevant Prophetic teachings while engaging the broader conceptual requirements of contemporary governance. It argues that the Qur’an does not prescribe a single detailed institutional model for every historical context; rather, it establishes enduring moral, legal, and political principles by which political authority and institutions may be evaluated. The study concludes that a contemporary Qur’anically informed system of governance requires institutional accountability, justice, meaningful consultation, protection of rights, responsible exercise of authority, and mechanisms preventing political power from becoming arbitrary or oppressive.