LIVING FOSSILS AND LIVELIHOODS: EXPLORING THE SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF JUNIPERUS EXCELSA POLYCARPOS FORESTS ON RURAL COMMUNITIES IN ZIARAT DISTRICT, BALUCHISTAN

Abstract

Forests are indispensable to human well-being, providing not only ecological services but also vital socio-economic support especially in resource-scarce rural settings. This study explores the socio-economic significance of Juniperus excelsa polycarpos forests for forest-dependent communities in Village Manna, District Ziarat, Balochistan. A total of 99 household heads were surveyed to assess the extent to which livelihoods are sustained by the juniper ecosystem. Findings reveal that in the absence of alternative income sources, natural forests serve as a primary means of subsistence offering fuelwood, timber, medicinal plants, and grazing resources that directly contribute to household income and survival. The research concludes that natural forests, particularly ancient juniper woodlands, are not only ecological treasures but also economic lifelines for surrounding communities. However, this heavy dependence exacerbates deforestation risks. Therefore, the study underscores the urgent need for government bodies and stakeholders to provide essential services, promote sustainable livelihood alternatives, and implement inclusive forest management strategies. Such efforts are critical to preserving the ecological integrity of one of the world’s oldest juniper forests while enhancing the socio-economic resilience of its custodial communities.