PUSH AND PULL: UNPACKING THE CAUSES OF ILLEGAL MIGRATION FROM PAKISTAN TO EUROPE

Abstract

A very ancient phenomenon, migration has been a part of human history for thousands of years. The process of illegal migration in Upper Punjab Pakistan's is depicted in this study. The aim of this study is to study the factors prompting to illegal migration. A qualitative research method was applied. The research design is descriptive in nature. To do this, twenty-two in-depth interviews were conducted by using Snowball and Purposive Sampling Technique. The age of research participants is between 25 to 40 years. This research examines the core motivations behind illegal migration from Pakistan to Europe, uncovering that the pursuit of improved economic standing and enhanced social status plays a significant role. Contrary to the widespread belief that such migration stems solely from poverty, the study reveals that many individuals who choose to migrate already hold jobs or operate small businesses within Pakistan. Their choice is often shaped by a desire to compete with or emulate the achievements of family members and peers living abroad. In many cases, migration represent not just an escape from economic hardship, but a means of gaining respect and recognition within their communities. However, this pattern has had a disruptive effect on family dynamics and traditional social relationships. The issue illustrates a nuanced interaction between financial ambition and social expectations, indicating a broader shift in societal values that warrants further investigation. For this issue countries can approach migration from a holistic point of view, which tries to boost the economy of the countries and overcome the risks and causes.