THE INFLUENCE OF REALISM ON MODERN EDUCATION: A HISTORICAL REVIEW

Abstract

Deriving its foundation from Aristotle, a student of the great idealist Plato, realism has exerted a significant influence on the philosophy of education. While idealism, pragmatism, and realism share a common goal—to nurture individuals who can succeed and contribute to the preservation of civilization—they diverge in their focus and methodology. The rise of realism was shaped by pivotal historical developments, including Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press, the age of imperialism and colonialism, the Industrial Revolution, and subsequent technological advancements. These factors elevated realism as a guiding philosophy in designing educational programs that could respond to emerging societal challenges.This study explores the origins of educational realism and the contributions of prominent philosophers to its development. It traces the major historical milestones that enabled realism to become a lasting influence on modern education. The discussion encompasses key dimensions such as the aims of education, the concept of the learner and the teacher, curriculum design, methods of instruction, and the organization of schools. It also evaluates realism’s role in shaping educational thought and practice, while highlighting the ideas of leading philosophers who advanced this tradition. Finally, the paper examines the continuing impact of realist philosophy on contemporary education systems, demonstrating how realism remains a vital framework for addressing the evolving needs of learners and societies.