سیاست کی تاریخی و دینی جہات : اہلِ کتاب اور اسلام کی مشترک تعلیمات کااختصاصی مطالعہ

The Historical and Religious Dimensions of Politics: A Specialized Study of the Common Teachings of Ahl-e-Kitab and Islam

Abstract

The historical and religious dimensions of politics present a fascinating area of study. While certain groups in the modern world insist on keeping politics entirely separate from religion-viewing it as a purely private and secular affair the religious teachings of the Ahl-e-Kitab(Jews and Christians) as well as Islam offer a broader and deeper perspective. These traditions not only acknowledge politics as an integral part of religious life but also present shared foundational principles, with Islam offering a more comprehensive and detailed framework.

Among the Ahl-e-Kitab, numerous prophets such as Hazrat  Yusuf ,  Musa , Dawud, and  Sulaiman ( A.S) are depicted not only as spiritual leaders but also as successful politations. Moreover, examples of purely political figures like Saul (Talut) are also present. The Qur'an encapsulates this political history with remarkable comprehensiveness, highlighting both prophets and kings who played significant roles in governance.

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, after foretelling the end of prophethood, foretold the rise of caliphate, affirming that political leadership would remain with the Muslim community. It would be inconsistent for Islam to provide detailed guidance in all aspects of life yet remain silent on governance and politics. The Prophet’s own life, his exercise of authority, and the succession of caliphs and rulers after him offer a profound demonstration of Islam's political vision.

Hence, this study seeks to explore the historical and religious dimensions of politics through the lens of shared teachings in Islam and the Ahl-e-Kitab , revealing a mutual emphasis on establishing an organized and just political system for human society.