سکھ مت میں مذہبی علامات کا تاریخی و تہذیبی ارتقاء: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS IN SIKHISM: A RESEARCH REVIEW

Abstract

The representative symbols of Sikhism reflect the deep historical, spiritual, and cultural values of this religion. These symbols not only establish the religious identity of Sikhs but also represent their beliefs, principles, and history. The Gurdwara is the central place of worship in Sikhism, with its history dating back to the era of Guru Nanak. Initially known as Dharamshala, these were later transformed into Gurdwaras. The Gurdwara is not only a center of worship but also an important institution for social service (Seva), langar (free meals), and hospitality.Among the most prominent symbols of Sikhism are the Five Ks (Panj Kakke), introduced by the tenth Guru, Gobind Singh, in 1699. These consist of Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (wooden comb), Kara (iron bracelet), Kachera (specific undergarment), and Kirpan (short sword). These symbols represent the external identity of Sikhs, each with a specific spiritual and practical purpose. For example, the Kara symbolizes unity and eternity, the Kangha represents cleanliness and discipline, and the Kirpan stands for defense and justice.The turban (Dastar or Pagri) is an essential part of Sikh men's attire, symbolizing honor, self-respect, and spiritual purity. During Guru Gobind Singh's time, the turban was made an integral part of Sikh dress, establishing a distinct identity for Sikhs in contrast to Muslim rulers. Ik Onkar (One Creator) is the fundamental monotheistic symbol of Sikhism, inscribed at the beginning of the Guru Granth Sahib. This symbol reminds Sikhs of the oneness and eternal reality of God.The Khanda (double-edged sword) is another significant symbol of Sikhism, representing spiritual and temporal power. It is associated with Guru Gobind Singh's era and has become a symbol of defense and justice for Sikhs. The Nishan Sahib (saffron or white flag) is hoisted at Gurdwaras, symbolizing the collective identity and sovereignty of Sikhs. It is respectfully replaced during the Vaisakhi festival.The history and importance of these symbols highlight the evolution of Sikhism, its beliefs, and cultural aspects. These symbols are not only part of Sikhs' religious lives but also strongly reflect their collective identity and unity.