احکامِ صلوٰۃ میں آثارِ صحابہ کی جمع وتحقیق اور تعلیق

Hadith Collections Attributed to the Companions (RA): A Critical Overview and Their Status in Islamic Scholarship

Abstract

The Aathār al-Ṣaḥābah (traditions, rulings, and statements of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ) hold a foundational place in understanding and interpreting the Shar‘ī rulings of Islam. While the primary sources of Islamic law are the Qur’ān and Sunnah, the sayings and practices of the Companions (RA) serve as an interpretive bridge that elucidates these divine texts. Their deep understanding, close companionship with the Prophet ﷺ, and practical application of religious principles make their opinions highly valuable in legal and jurisprudential discourse. The study highlights that numerous issues—especially those related to ṣalāh (prayer)—find clarification through the preserved aathār of the Companions. Their contributions are not only confined to worship but also extend to trade, social transactions, and legal judgments. The paper reviews the scholarly consensus on the authoritative nature of aathār al-ṣaḥābah and their acceptance by major jurists such as Imām Abū Ḥanīfah, Imām Mālik, Imām al-Shāfi‘ī, and Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. It also explores the efforts of later scholars in compiling, categorizing, and systematizing these narrations into specialized works and encyclopedias. The research concludes that the aathār of the Companions serve as a vital interpretative and legislative resource that complements Qur’ānic and Prophetic texts, providing a reliable framework for resolving contemporary and classical jurisprudential debates.