تصوف اور روحانیت: علامہ اقبال کے فلسفۂ خودی اور عشق کی روشنی میں

Sufism and Spirituality: In the Light of Allama Iqbal’s Philosophy of Khudi and Ishq

Abstract

This research article explores the philosophical and mystical concepts of Tasawwuf (Sufism) as reflected in Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s literary and philosophical works. The study critically analyzes how Iqbal reinterprets classical Sufi ideas, such as selfhood (khudi), divine love (ishq), intellect (‘aql), spiritual freedom, and the human ego’s ascent, within the framework of modern Islamic thought. Emphasis is placed on Iqbal’s harmonization of spiritual intuition with dynamic action, portraying Sufism not as mere ritualistic practice but as a transformative force that cultivates moral, ethical, and intellectual dimensions of human life. The research highlights how Iqbal revives the essence of Tasawwuf by advocating for active engagement with society while maintaining inner purification and self-realization. The study also situates Iqbal’s thought in the broader discourse of Islamic mysticism and contemporary relevance, demonstrating how his reinterpretation of Sufi concepts offers a revitalizing intellectual foundation for modern Muslim societies. This work underscores that Iqbal’s vision of Sufism is holistic, combining ethical refinement, spiritual depth, and practical action to develop an ideal human personality capable of navigating both temporal and spiritual challenges.