STRATEGIC USE OF TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE BY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY WITHIN THE WTO FRAMEWORK

Abstract

Developing countries are increasingly adopting green industrial strategies that aim to protect the environment while also growing their economies. These countries recognize that becoming more competitive and achieving sustainability can go hand in hand. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has a Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement, which allows countries to set technical rules for environmental protection, if these rules don’t unfairly restrict trade. With environmental technical barriers (like eco-labels, green product rules, and energy standards), developing countries can cut pollution, use energy more efficiently, and manage natural resources wisely. These regulations help local green businesses and drive innovation. The WTO’s rules say these measures must be fair, open, and not overly restrictive. Countries must also let the WTO know about new regulations to build trust and avoid disputes. Following international standards, such as those from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), makes it easier for everyone to comply and keeps trade flowing smoothly. However, these standards should also match the unique needs of developing nations, which can sometimes be a challenge. Green trade rules (TBTs) can spur innovation by encouraging companies to improve environmentally and technologically. Yet, many developing countries struggle to create and enforce these policies because they lack the necessary skills and resources. International organizations like the WTO, UNCTAD, and UNEP offer important support and training to help close these gaps. This study shows that by following WTO rules, building up local skills, and aligning with global standards, developing nations can use green trade measures to support sustainable growth and compete globally—all while helping the planet.