Key Challenges in Language Learning at the University Level

Abstract

This study investigates the key challenges that university students commonly encounter in the process of language learning, highlighting linguistic, socio-psychological, institutional, and technological barriers that impede effective proficiency development. Drawing upon contemporary research and pedagogical insights, the discussion examines issues such as limited exposure to authentic input, anxiety in communicative settings, curriculum–assessment misalignment, and the uneven availability of digital learning resources. The analysis underscores the need for comprehensive, learner-centered strategies that integrate supportive classroom environments, improved instructional design, and equitable access to technology. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that addressing these multidimensional constraints is essential for fostering meaningful and sustainable language acquisition at the university level.