اقبال بحیثیت ِجدید متکلم : اسلامی علم ِکلام کی فکری تشکیلِ نو

Iqbal as a Modern Theologian: The Intellectual Reconstruction of Islamic Kalam

Abstract

This paper examines Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s reconstruction of Islamic theology (ʿIlm al-Kalām) in the light of modern intellectual, scientific, and civilizational challenges. Departing from purely logical and polemical approaches of classical theologians, Iqbal grounds religious belief in lived experience, ethical vitality, and historical effectiveness. Central to his theological vision is the concept of khudī (selfhood), through which he reinterprets tawḥīd, prophethood, and human responsibility as dynamic and action-oriented realities. Iqbal views tawḥīd not merely as a doctrinal assertion but as a principle of unity in thought and collective practice. He advances a novel proof of prophethood by emphasizing the Prophet’s role in creating a morally unified and historically transformative community. Integrating revelation, reason, intuition, and modern science, Iqbal presents a creative and forward-looking theology that renews Islamic thought for the contemporary world.