ماحولیاتی بحران اور عالمی سیاست: مارکسی تناظر میں تجزیہ اور ممکنہ حل

ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS AND GLOBAL POLITICS: ANALYSIS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FROM A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE.

Abstract

The environmental crisis is one of the most serious and unequal challenges facing the contemporary world. It manifests itself in climate change, the loss of biodiversity, increasing pressure on water and food resources, air pollution, and the rising levels of the oceans, affecting humanity as a whole. This crisis is not merely a scientific or natural problem; rather, it is largely a product of the capitalist system, which is based on profit maximization, the false notion of limitless growth, and the treatment of nature as a commodity for sale. The unjust structure of capitalist production concentrates global resources, deepens class inequality, and creates an imbalanced relationship between humans and nature.According to Karl Marx, industrial capitalism disrupted the natural material interaction between humans and nature, a phenomenon he described as the “metabolic rift.” This rupture emerged through the urban–rural divide, industrial agriculture, and the relentless exploitation of resources. Contemporary eco-socialist thinkers argue that global warming, floods, droughts, pollution, and climate-induced migration are manifestations of this contradiction. Eco-socialism proposes democratic planning and collective needs as a sustainable alternative.