تفسیرات احمدیہ کا منہجی مطالعہ

A Methodological Study of Ahmadi Exegesis

Abstract

Tafsirat e Ahmadiyyah, authored by Mulla Ahmad Jiwan (d. 1130AH) stands as a remarkable exegetical work that exemplifies the interweaving of multiple Islamic sciences within the intellectual tradition of the Indian subcontinent during the Mughal era. The exegete emerges not merely as a commentator but also as a theologian, jurist, grammarian, mystic, and scholar of linguistic precision. A significant feature of this tafsir is its profound engagement with Ilm ul Kalam (Islamic theology), particularly in defending Ashari and Matoridiy doctrines and critiquing Mutazilite views. The treatment of verses concerning divine attributes, intercession, divine knowledge, and predestination reflects a deep theological insight. Mulla Jiwan harmonizes reason and revelation, grounding his discourse within the framework of Sunni orthodoxy. Equally prominent is the juridical methodology, wherein legal rulings are derived through rigorous engagement with the principles of Islamic jurisprudence. His interpretive style reflects a strong alignment with the Hanafi School applying concepts such as generality, specification, abrogation and the analysis of ambiguous and clear expressions. His mastery over Arabic linguistics and rhetoric further enriches the tafsir. Lexical derivations, syntactic structures, and rhetorical devices are carefully employed to deepen the understanding of Quranic expression. The result is a balanced fusion of linguistic subtlety and theological depth.The tafsir also reflects a strong commitment to tafsir bil mathur, drawing extensively from the sayings of the Companions, Successors and classical authorities. Contextual explanations based on asbab ul nuzul (occasions of revelation) further reinforce his methodical integrity. Notably, the influence of Sufism and spiritual insight is evident throughout the work. Themes such as marifah (gnosis), suluk (spiritual wayfaring) and fana (self-annihilation) are presented in harmony with Quranic principles, maintaining sobriety and adherence to prophetic tradition. In essence, Tafsirat e Ahmadiyyah is a comprehensive methodological tafsir that reflects intellectual balance, scholarly breadth and doctrinal moderation. It represents a distinguished contribution to Quranic exegesis in South Asia and continues to offer profound guidance for contemporary scholars engaged in the study of the Quran.