شریعتِ یہود میں نظریۂ جنگ: احادیثِ صحیحہ کے تناظر میں ایک تقابلی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Concept of War in Jewish Law: A Comparative and Analytical Study in the Light of Ṣaḥīḥ Ḥadīth

Abstract

War is a significant religious, social, and political phenomenon that has been interpreted differently by various religious traditions. This research presents a comparative and analytical study of the concept of war in Jewish Law in the light of the Torah and Talmudic traditions and compares it with the principles of warfare mentioned in Ṣaḥīḥ Ḥadīth. The study examines the foundations, types, ethical principles, peace agreements, and treatment of non-combatants in Jewish sources, while also analyzing the justification, conditions, lawful and unlawful forms, and moral limits of war in the light of Ṣaḥīḥ Ḥadīth. Using a comparative and analytical approach, the research finds that both traditions consider war as a regulated and exceptional act rather than an unrestricted practice. However, Jewish Law mainly relates war to the history of Israelites, the Promised Land, divine commands, and religious identity, whereas Ṣaḥīḥ Ḥadīth presents war as a limited measure for defense, removal of oppression, establishment of justice, protection of human life, and preservation of peace. The study highlights the similarities and differences between the two religious perspectives and provides an analytical understanding of their concepts of warfare.