خارج رحم بارآوری (آئی۔وی۔ایف) :ایک سائنسی فقہی اور تحقیقی جائزہ ومطالعہ

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): A Scientific, Jurisprudential, and Research-Based Study

Abstract

In vitro fertilization (IVF) represents a groundbreaking advancement in modern reproductive medicine, providing hope for couples facing infertility due to medical or physiological conditions. Since the birth of the first “test-tube baby” in 1978, IVF has developed into a widely accepted and practiced procedure across the world. The method involves fertilizing an egg with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment and subsequently transferring the embryo into the mother’s uterus. This innovation has enabled countless couples to experience parenthood; however, it has also triggered critical discussions on ethical, social, psychological, legal, and religious grounds. While IVF has proven medically effective, debates continue concerning the moral status of embryos, the legitimacy of lineage, accessibility of treatment, and its implications for family and societal values. Within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence, IVF is generally permitted under strict conditions when both gametes belong exclusively to a married couple and the embryo is implanted in the wife’s womb while other forms such as surrogacy or third-party involvement are prohibited. Consequently, IVF must be evaluated holistically, considering medical benefits alongside ethical dilemmas and religious guidelines.