Balanced Eating in the Quran: A Scientific Review of Moderation, Portion Control, and the Prevention of Lifestyle Diseases

Abstract

Balanced eating occupies an important place in Islamic teachings, where food consumption is guided by moderation, balance, and ethical responsibility. At the same time, the modern world is facing a growing burden of lifestyle-related diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and various metabolic disorders, largely driven by overeating, poor portion control, and unhealthy eating patterns. This review examines the concept of balanced eating from an Islamic perspective and explores its relevance in the context of contemporary nutritional science. The Qur’an encourages mindful consumption and clearly warns against excess, stating, “Eat and drink, but do not be excessive” (Qur’an 7:31), reflecting an approach that protects both physical health and moral discipline. Islamic teachings, supported by Prophetic guidance, also emphasize portion control and avoidance of overeating, principles that are now strongly supported by scientific evidence for metabolic health. In addition, traditional Arab eating practices where main meals are commonly consumed during the daytime and lighter meals are taken at night are discussed in relation to modern research on meal timing and circadian metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that such patterns may help reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Overall, this review highlights how Islamic dietary principles offer a balanced, practical, and preventive framework that aligns closely with modern strategies for promoting long-term health.